Mechanism for Settlement of International Trade Disputes in the Case of the European Union's Lawsuit Against Indonesia Regarding Nickel Mining
(1) Universitas Tarumanagara
(2) Universitas Tarumanagara
(3) Universitas Tarumanagara
Corresponding Author
Abstract
Nickel, a naturally formed metal element, has a shiny shape and a sparkling white color. On some islands in Indonesia, nickel is still abundantly found, such as in Sulawesi, which is a hub of mining industry, especially in Morowali and North Morowali. Besides, it is also found on several other islands, like Maluku North (Halmahera), Papua, and Kalimantan. In addition, total nickel exports by 2022 rose to $5.97 billion. Following the entry into force of a policy banning the export of crude nickel seeds on January 1, 2020, Indonesian nickle exports have increased. However, the EU opposed the policy and sued Indonesia to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in early 2021. Indonesia was found to have violated article X.1 of the GATT on violation of regulatory transparency obligations, article 3.1 (b) of the Subsidy Agreement and the Contract Act on Prohibited Subsidies, and article XI.1 of GATT concerning export and import bans. The aim of the filed lawsuit is to maintain the balance of international trade and encourage more environmentally friendly mining practices. However, the impact is a decrease in foreign investment in the nickel sector.
Keywords
References
Arif, Irwandy. 2018. Nikel Indonesia. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023, Juli). Statistik Perdagangan Luar Negeri Indonesia Ekspor 2022 Jilid 1. Diakses pada 20 April 2024, dari Statistik Perdagangan Luar Negeri Indonesia Ekspor, 2022, Jilid I - Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia (bps.go.id)
Djkn.kemenkeu.go.id. (2022, 20 April). Gugatan Uni Eropa di World Trade Organization (WTO) Mengancam Hilirasi Industri Pertambangan di Indonesia. Diakses pada 21 April 2024, dari https://www.djkn.kemenkeu.go.id/kanwil-kalbar/baca-artikel/15503/Gugatan-Uni-Eropa-di-World-Trade-Organization-WTO-Mengancam-Hilirisasi-Industri-Pertambangan-di-Indonesia.html
Hanif, ID. (2021). Gugatan Uni Eropa ke World Trade Organization (WTO) Terhadap Indonesia Terkait Dengan Kebijakan Larangan Ekspor Biji Nikel Indonesia Tahun 2019. JOM FISIP. Vol 8, Hal. 8-10
Lembaga Administrasi Negara Republik Indonesia (2022, 26 Juli) Sabilla Ramadhiani Firdaus. 2022 Pembatasan Ekspor Nikel: Kebijakan Nasional Vs Unfairness Treatment Hukum Investasi Internasional. Diakses pada 22 April 2024, dari https://lan.go.id/?p=10221
Muhammad Alwan Ramadhana, Muhamad Syahrul Maulana, Zahra Febriani Nugraha, Rakha Elwansyah Giri Subagja, & Mustika Mega Wijaya. (2024). Gugatan Uni Eropa Terhadap Pembatasan Ekspor Nikel Indonesia. Doktrin:Jurnal Dunia Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik, 2(2), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.59581/doktrin.v2i2.2608, Hal 193-194
Muhammad Alwan Ramadhana, Muhamad Syahrul Maulana, Zahra Febriani Nugraha, Rakha Elwansyah Giri Subagja, & Mustika Mega Wijaya. (2024). Gugatan Uni Eropa Terhadap Pembatasan Ekspor Nikel Indonesia., Hal 193-194
Syafira, AD., Putri, CM., Widyaningsih, E., & Kusumawijaya., P. (2023). Analisis Peluang, Tantangan, dan Dampak Larangan Ekspor Nikel Terhadap Perdagangan Internasional di Tengah Gugatan Uni Eropa di WTO. Jurnal Economina. Vol 2, No.1, Hal. 7
Article Metrics
Abstract View : 72 timesPDF Download : 58 times
DOI: 10.57235/aurelia.v3i2.2730
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Arlyn Annabel Nusamara, Virginia Virginia, Matthew Mikha Sebastian Matondang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.