Exploring Digital Assets Inheritance: A Comparative Study of Transnational Legal Frameworks and Practices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v4i1.4483Keywords:
Digital Assets Inheritance, Social Media Accounts, Monetary Value, Cryptocurrency, Will, Legacy ContactAbstract
Digital Assets Inheritance also can be defined the same as the inheritance itself. What makes the Digital Assets Inheritance different is the assets would be inherited. Digital Assets is anything that is owned in the form of digital rather than a physical one. Digital Assets could include; Social media accounts, Digital photos and videos, Loyalty points, Websites, E-book, and so on. Digital assets vary a lot in terms of both type and value. Some types might only have sentimental value, such as photos or family videos. Others might have significant monetary value, such as cryptocurrency, monetised social media accounts or unpublished manuscripts. Legally speaking, anything that a person owns becomes part of their estate when they die. This includes digital assets. Personal representatives should be able to access digital assets in order to access and distribute them among beneficiaries. However, this is not always straightforward in practice. If the person who has died has not left instructions on how to log in or to access digital assets, their personal representatives will have to follow the policies of each company with whom the person who has died had an account. These policies will not necessarily make it possible for loved ones to access accounts, which can mean that digital assets of sentimental value such as emails, photographs and written text might be lost. Planning in advance for these eventualities can avoid this. When you make a Will, you can choose to include instructions on how to access your digital accounts after your death. Some digital accounts also allow you to add a ‘legacy contact’ or ‘inactive account manager’ who would be authorized to manage your account should you no longer be able to.
Downloads
References
Ajemian v. Yahoo!, Inc., 478 Mass. 169 (2017).
American Bar Association. (2013). Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act. Real Property, Trust and Estate Law Section.
Banta, N. M. (2014). Inherit the Cloud: The Role of Private Contracts in Distributing or Deleting Digital Assets at Death. Fordham Law Review, 83(2), 799-854.
Berlee, A. (2017). Digital Inheritance in the Netherlands. Journal of European Consumer and Market Law, 6(6), 256-260. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3082802
Bikard, J. (2019). The Inheritance of Crypto-assets: Legal and Practical Challenges. Proceedings of the 5th Annual Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Conference, London, UK.
Cahn, N. (2011). Postmortem Life On-line. Probate and Property, 25(4), 36-39.
California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) of 2018.
Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (2020 Amendment).
Conway, H., & Grattan, S. (2017). The 'New' New Property: Dealing with Digital Assets on Death. In Modern Studies in Property Law, Hart Publishing.
Edwards, L., & Harbinja, E. (2013). Protecting Post-Mortem Privacy: Reconsidering the Privacy Interests of the Deceased in a Digital World. Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal, 32(1), 83-129.
European Commission. (2020). The Digital Services Act package. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/digital-services-act-package
Fairstar Heavy Transport N.V. v Adkins & Anor [2013] EWCA Civ 886 (UK case on email ownership).
Federal Court of Justice of Germany (Bundesgerichtshof), Case No. III ZR 183/17 (2018) (Facebook inheritance case).
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU) 2016/679.
Harbinja, E. (2017). Digital Inheritance in the United Kingdom. Journal of European Consumer and Market Law, 6(6), 253-260.
Horsten, F. (2019). A Comparative Study on the Digital Inheritance Laws of China and Germany. Asian Journal of Law and Economics, 10(2), 1-15.
In re Ellsworth, No. 2005-296, 651-DE (Mich. Prob. Ct. 2005).
Japan’s Act on Access to Specified Electronic Mail Accounts of Deceased Persons (2019).
Kutler, N. (2011). Protecting Your Online You: A New Approach to Handling Your Online Persona After Death. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 26(4), 1641-1670.
Law Commission of England and Wales. (2017). Making a Will. Consultation Paper 231.
Lee, J. (2015). Death and Live Feeds: Privacy Protection in Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets. Columbia Business Law Review, 2015(2), 654-704.
Martini, R. (2019). Blockchain Technology and the GDPR: The Case of the Blockchain Timestamp. Computer Law & Security Review, 35(6), 105339.
NOLO. (2021). Digital Assets: What They Are and How to Plan for Them. Retrieved from https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/digital-assets-what-they-are-and-how-to-plan-for-them.html
Perrone, M. (2019). What Happens to My Facebook Account When I Die?: Probate Versus Policy and the Fate of Social-Media Assets Postmortem. Pepperdine Law Review, 46(1), 1-38.
Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act (2015). Uniform Law Commission.
STEP (Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners). (2020). Digital Assets: A Framework for Digital Inheritance.
Szulewski, P. (2020). Cross-Border Inheritance of Digital Assets: A Comparative Analysis. International Conference on Private International Law, The Hague, Netherlands.
Watkins, A. F. (2014). Digital Properties and Death: What Will Your Heirs Have Access to After You Die? Buffalo Law Review, 62(1), 193-235.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
- Authors certify that the work reported here has not been published before and contains no materials the publication of which would violate any copyright or other personal or proprietary right of any person or entity.
- Authors dont transfer or license the copyright of publishing to AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia Research to publish the article in any media format, to share, to disseminate, to index, and to maximize the impact of the article in any databases.
- Authors hereby dont agree to transfer a copyright for publishing to AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia a Publisher of the manuscript.
- Authors reserve the following:
- all proprietary rights other than copyright such as patent rights;
- the right to use all or part of this article in future works of our own such as in books and lectures;
- use for presentation in a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees;
- use for internal training by author's company;
- distribution to colleagues for their research use;
- use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works;
- inclusion in a thesis or dissertation;
- reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article);
- preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article); and
- voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author’s institution for scholarly purposes, but it should follow the open access license of Creative Common CC BY-NC License.










