Perancangan Housing Antena Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Model Mikrostrip Blade pada Pesawat Piper Warrior-III
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/jetish.v5i2.9179Keywords:
ADS-B, housing antena, NACA 0018, simulasi CFD, swept angleAbstract
Pesawat latih Piper PA-28-161 Warrior III yang dioperasikan Politeknik Penerbangan Indonesia (PPI) Curug telah dilengkapi sistem Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) hasil modifikasi non-pabrikan yang menurut laporan teknisi dan penerbang kerap mengalami malfunction, sementara rancangan housing antena yang spesifik bagi karakteristik fuselage pesawat tersebut belum tersedia. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena penambahan komponen eksternal pada permukaan pesawat menuntut perlindungan mekanik tanpa mendegradasi pancaran sinyal pada frekuensi kerja 1090 MHz, sekaligus berpotensi menambah gaya hambat aerodinamis. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan lokasi pemasangan yang paling sesuai, merancang geometri housing tipe blade, dan menguji kelayakan aerodinamis rancangan tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode Research and Development dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Penentuan lokasi dilakukan melalui triangulasi kualitatif atas kajian manual instalasi Avidyne AXP340, observasi struktur belly fuselage, dan wawancara tiga ahli avionik, sedangkan kelayakan aerodinamis diuji melalui simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ANSYS Fluent dengan model turbulensi SST k-ω. Metode tersebut dipilih karena memungkinkan evaluasi kuantitatif medan aliran tanpa pengujian fisik yang mahal dan memakan waktu. Hasil triangulasi menetapkan lokasi pemasangan pada belly fuselage sedekat mungkin dengan centerline. Simulasi pada kecepatan 68,333 m/s menunjukkan varian swept angle 45° menghasilkan drag force 0,9189 N dengan drag coefficient 1,5002 atau 1,61% lebih rendah daripada varian 30° (0,9339 N; 1,5247), disertai wall shear stress dan skin friction coefficient 7,37% lebih rendah serta tekanan maksimum permukaan 1.307,83 Pa berbanding 1.584,31 Pa. Varian 45° karenanya ditetapkan sebagai rancangan akhir yang direkomendasikan. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan mencakup analisis struktural, pengujian karakteristik elektromagnetik, dan validasi terowongan angin.
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