Pengaruh Cold Expansion terhadap Pemulihan Kekuatan Fastener Hole pada Sheet Metal Aluminium Alloy 2024-T4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/jetish.v5i2.9184Keywords:
cold expansion; uji tarik; aluminium alloy 2024-T4; fastener hole; fatigueAbstract
Struktur skin pesawat udara merupakan komponen kritis yang harus mampu menahan pembebanan berulang (cyclic loading) sesuai standar kelaikudaraan (airworthiness). Area fastener hole pada skin menjadi lokasi kritis karena menimbulkan konsentrasi tegangan (stress concentration) dengan faktor konsentrasi teoritis (Kt) sekitar 3,0. Data inspeksi PT GMF AeroAsia periode 2021–2025 mencatat 88 kasus burn mark dan pitting akibat lightning strike pada fastener pesawat Airbus A330 yang umumnya ditangani melalui penggantian rivet, sehingga menghasilkan fastener hole baru hasil drilling yang berpotensi memperlemah struktur apabila tidak diperkuat dengan metode yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh proses cold expansion terhadap kekuatan struktur pada area fastener hole hasil perbaikan (repair) menggunakan metode uji tarik (tensile test). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen pada material Aluminium Alloy 2024-T4 mengacu pada standar ASTM E8/E8M, dengan tiga kelompok spesimen, yaitu material normal (S-N), fastener hole hasil perbaikan tanpa cold expansion (S-WCE), dan fastener hole hasil perbaikan dengan cold expansion pada tingkat interferensi 3% (S-CE), masing-masing tiga spesimen. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan spesimen S-N memiliki UTS rata-rata 469,0 MPa; keberadaan fastener hole tanpa cold expansion menurunkan UTS menjadi 399,6 MPa (turun 14,80%); sedangkan cold expansion pada S-CE memulihkan UTS menjadi 458,3 MPa (naik 14,69% dibanding S-WCE), yield strength naik 15,47%, dan elongation naik 29,77%, serta telah memenuhi persyaratan minimum spesifikasi material Airbus. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa cold expansion merupakan metode perbaikan struktural yang efektif untuk memulihkan kekuatan mekanik statik Aluminium Alloy 2024-T4 pada area fastener hole hasil repair, sehingga direkomendasikan sebagai bagian dari prosedur standar Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO). Penelitian lanjutan disarankan melakukan pengujian fatigue aktual untuk memvalidasi estimasi ketahanan fatigue yang diperoleh secara empiris pada penelitian ini.
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