Arsitektur Informasi sebagai Peperangan Asimetris: Strategi Media ISIS Tahun 2014-2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/jetish.v5i2.9244Keywords:
arsitektur informasi, disinformasi, ISIS, kontra-narasi, peperangan asimetrisAbstract
Studi ini mengkaji bagaimana Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) membangun arsitektur informasi antara tahun 2014 dan 2019 sebagai instrumen peperangan asimetris, melangkah lebih jauh dari kajian propaganda yang selama ini berfokus pada konten menuju dimensi organisasional yang menopangnya. Dengan desain studi kasus kualitatif, penelitian ini menelaah sumber sekunder melalui analisis tematik pada tiga dimensi: struktur produksi kelembagaan, arsitektur distribusi, dan adaptasi narasi. Temuan menunjukkan ISIS membangun aparatus media yang tersentralisasi sekaligus tangguh, dikoordinasikan oleh Diwan al-I'lam al-Markazi dan dijalankan oleh sayap-sayap khusus seperti Al-Hayat Media Center dan Amaq Agency. Arsitektur distribusinya berpindah dari ketergantungan pada platform terbuka seperti Twitter, yang pada 2014-2015 menampung puluhan ribu akun pendukung ISIS, menuju kanal terenkripsi seperti Telegram, membentuk pola diseminasi yang oleh sejumlah peneliti disebut “swarmcast” karena sifatnya yang sulit dipadamkan sepenuhnya. Narasi ISIS bergeser mengikuti tiga fase yang selaras dengan nasib militernya: seruan pembangunan negara pada masa ekspansi, retorika keteguhan saat tertekan, hingga pembingkaian ulang kekalahan teritorial sebagai penyesuaian taktis pasca 2019. Upaya kontra-pesan koalisi, terutama Global Engagement Center serta konsorsium platform GIFCT, mencapai hasil yang nyata namun terbatas, karena kredibilitas pembawa pesan resmi negara tidak pernah benar-benar menyamai kredibilitas informal yang dimiliki ISIS di mata audiens sasarannya. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa arsitektur informasi ISIS bekerja sebagai strategi asimetris yang sesungguhnya, mengubah kekurangan kekuatan material menjadi keunggulan di ranah kognitif, dengan implikasi bagi kebijakan kontraterorisme di negara rentan informasi seperti Indonesia.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Naomi Brenda Friscilia, Yermia Hendarwoto, Rudy Sutanto

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