Aplikasi Baterai Lithium-Ion pada Kapal Selam Konvensional: Scoping Review Manfaat Operasional, Tantangan Integrasi, dan Mitigasi Keselamatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/jetish.v6i1.9369Keywords:
Baterai Lithium-Ion; Kapal Selam Konvensional; Endurance; Integrasi Platform; Battery Management System; Thermal Runaway; Keselamatan KebakaranAbstract
Kapal selam konvensional mengandalkan baterai sebagai sumber energi utama ketika beroperasi terbenam. Baterai timbal-asam memiliki rekam jejak panjang, tetapi kapasitas energi, waktu pengisian, dan kebutuhan snorkelling membatasi endurance serta meningkatkan peluang deteksi. Baterai lithium-ion menawarkan energi spesifik dan densitas energi yang lebih tinggi, kemampuan menerima beban besar, umur siklus panjang, dan kebutuhan pemeliharaan yang lebih rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memetakan manfaat operasional, tantangan integrasi, risiko keselamatan, strategi mitigasi, dan kematangan bukti penerapan baterai lithium-ion pada kapal selam konvensional. Metode penelitian atau Scoping review menggunakan kerangka JBI dan pelaporan PRISMA-ScR. Pencarian dilakukan pada ScienceDirect tanggal 20 Juli 2026 menggunakan dua belas string. Pencarian final mengidentifikasi 558 rekod; 32 kemunculan duplikat berbasis DOI dihapus sehingga 526 rekod unik disaring pada tingkat judul dan abstrak. Hasil penelitian dan analisis pembahasan didasarkan pada screening judul-abstrak mengeluarkan 498 rekod dan menghasilkan 28 laporan untuk penelusuran teks lengkap. Sebanyak 19 laporan berhasil diperoleh dan dinilai, sedangkan sembilan laporan tidak berhasil diperoleh. Enam laporan dikeluarkan setelah pemeriksaan teks lengkap karena tidak membahas baterai secara substantif atau menggunakan kimia di luar lingkup review. Tiga belas laporan dari pencarian ScienceDirect dipertahankan. Enam laporan tambahan dari koleksi awal dan penelusuran sitasi menghasilkan sintesis final yang mencakup 19 laporan dan mewakili 18 study families. Penelitian ini adalah sintesis menghasilkan lima domain yang saling terkait: nilai operasional; integrasi arsitektur listrik dan platform; trade-off kimia baterai; battery management dan manajemen termal; serta mitigasi thermal runaway berlapis. Kematangan bukti terdiri atas dua keluarga studi Tingkat 1, sebelas Tingkat 2, dua Tingkat 3, satu Tingkat 4, dan dua Tingkat 5. Arah bukti mendukung potensi peningkatan endurance, fleksibilitas daya, dan pengurangan kebutuhan snorkelling, tetapi efektivitas mitigasi keselamatan tetap harus dibuktikan pada skala modul, kompartemen, dan sistem.
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