Sikap Lingkungan dan Perilaku Hemat Energi Mahasiswa: Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/jleb.v4i2.9317Keywords:
Environmental Attitudes, Energy-Saving Behavior, Mahasiswa, Attitude–Behavior Gap, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Perilaku hemat energi merupakan salah satu bentuk perilaku pro-lingkungan yang penting dalam mendukung keberlanjutan, termasuk di lingkungan perguruan tinggi. Mahasiswa memiliki posisi strategis karena aktivitas akademik dan kehidupan sehari-hari melibatkan penggunaan energi secara intensif, sementara perguruan tinggi merupakan lingkungan yang berperan dalam membentuk pengetahuan, nilai, kebiasaan, dan perilaku berkelanjutan. Namun, berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepedulian dan sikap positif terhadap lingkungan tidak selalu diwujudkan dalam perilaku hemat energi yang konsisten. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara sikap dan perilaku (attitude–behavior gap) yang perlu dipahami secara lebih komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara environmental attitudes dan energy-saving behavior pada mahasiswa serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang dapat memperkuat atau menghambat penerjemahan sikap lingkungan ke dalam perilaku nyata. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan sintesis tematik dan mengacu pada kerangka pelaporan PRISMA 2020. Literatur ditelusuri melalui basis data akademik menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci yang berkaitan dengan environmental attitudes, environmental awareness, energy-saving behavior, energy conservation, university students, dan higher education. Artikel yang diperoleh diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi melalui proses screening, penilaian kelayakan teks lengkap, serta ekstraksi dan sintesis temuan penelitian. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa environmental attitudes dan environmental awareness secara umum memiliki hubungan positif dengan kecenderungan perilaku pro-lingkungan dan penghematan energi, tetapi pengaruh tersebut tidak bersifat langsung maupun otomatis. Perilaku hemat energi juga dipengaruhi oleh behavioral intention, perceived behavioral control, personal and social norms, habits, situational conditions, convenience, comfort, serta institutional and campus support. Dengan demikian, pembentukan perilaku hemat energi mahasiswa tidak cukup dilakukan melalui peningkatan pengetahuan dan kepedulian lingkungan, tetapi memerlukan lingkungan yang mendukung pembentukan kebiasaan, norma sosial, kemudahan bertindak, dan dukungan institusional. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu mengembangkan studi empiris yang menguji interaksi faktor psikologis dan kontekstual tersebut dalam konteks perguruan tinggi yang berbeda. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan yang mengintegrasikan aspek individu, sosial, kebiasaan, dan kelembagaan secara berkelanjutan.
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