Hegemoni Ekonomi VOC di Nusantara: Analisis Monopoli Rempah-Rempah dan Dampaknya terhadap Pasar Global Abad ke-17
Keywords:
VOC, Hegemoni Ekonomi, Monopoli Rempah-Rempah, Pasar Global Abad ke-17, NusantaraAbstract
Artikel ini menganalisis hegemoni ekonomi Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) di Nusantara melalui monopoli rempah-rempah pada abad ke-17 dan dampaknya terhadap pasar global. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif historis dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa VOC menerapkan strategi sistematis termasuk pemusnahan tanaman (extirpatie), pelayaran Hongi (hongitochten), kontrol distribusi ketat, dan manipulasi politik (divide et impera) untuk menguasai produksi dan perdagangan rempah-rempah. Dampaknya bersifat dualistis: di Eropa menyebabkan stabilisasi harga, akumulasi modal, dan perkembangan ekonomi; sementara di Nusantara mengakibatkan kehancuran jaringan perdagangan tradisional, pemiskinan masyarakat, dan hilangnya kedaulatan politik. Studi ini menyoroti VOC sebagai perwujudan awal kapitalisme korporat global yang relevan untuk memahami dinamika ekonomi politik kontemporer.
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