Analisis Sengketa Investasi Churchill Mining Melawan Indonesia dalam Perspektif TBI dan Kedaulatan Negara
Keywords:
TBI, Kedaulatan Negara, Investasi AsingAbstract
Kasus Churchill Mining PLC dan Planet Mining Pty Ltd vs Pemerintah Indonesia di ICSID menjadi salah satu sengketa investasi internasional terbesar yang melibatkan Indonesia. Investor asing menuduh pencabutan izin pertambangan di Kutai Timur sebagai bentuk ekspropriasi yang melanggar TBI Indonesia–Inggris 1976 dan Indonesia–Australia 1992, dengan tuntutan kompensasi lebih dari USD 2 miliar. Namun, Pemerintah Indonesia berhasil membuktikan bahwa izin yang dipakai investor cacat hukum karena diperoleh melalui dokumen palsu. Majelis arbitrase ICSID menolak seluruh klaim tersebut pada 2016. Analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa prinsip perlindungan dalam TBI tidak mutlak, melainkan hanya berlaku bagi investasi yang sah dan beritikad baik. Kemenangan Indonesia juga memperkuat kedaulatan negara dalam forum arbitrase internasional serta mendorong lahirnya kebijakan investasi baru yang lebih seimbang antara perlindungan investor asing dan kepentingan nasional.
References
Antony Crockett, “Indonesia’s Termination of Bilateral Investment Treaties: Changing the Playing Field,” Asian Dispute Review, Vol. 19 No. 2, 2017.
ICSID Case No. ARB/12/14 dan ARB/12/40, Churchill Mining PLC and Planet Mining Pty Ltd v. Republic of Indonesia, Request for Arbitration (2012).
Jeswald W. Salacuse, The Law of Investment Treaties, Oxford University Press, 2015, hlm. 97–105.
Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Penelitian Hukum, Prenada Media, Jakarta, 2019, hlm. 133.
Rudolf Dolzer & Christoph Schreuer, Principles of International Investment Law, Oxford University Press, 2012, hlm. 89–92.
Soerjono Soekanto, Pengantar Penelitian Hukum, UI Press, Jakarta, 2006, hlm. 51.
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