Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Platform Digital di Era Gig Economy: Analisis Kerangka Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia dalam Perspektif Perbandingan Hukum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/jalu.v2i1.8241Keywords:
Gig Economy, Pekerja Platform, Hukum Ketenagakerjaan, Subordinasi Algoritmis, Perlindungan SosialAbstract
Perkembangan platform digital berbasis algoritma telah menghadirkan jutaan pekerja yang beroperasi di luar cakupan perlindungan hukum perburuhan formal. Penelitian ini mengkaji satu permasalahan pokok: apakah kerangka hukum ketenagakerjaan Indonesia yang berlaku saat ini mampu memberikan perlindungan yang memadai bagi pekerja platform digital, dan model regulasi apa yang paling tepat diadaptasi untuk menutup kesenjangan tersebut? Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan hukum, penelitian ini menelaah Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003, Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja 2020, serta regulasi dari Uni Eropa, Inggris Raya, Perancis, dan Amerika Serikat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dikotomi karyawan-kontraktor dalam hukum Indonesia tidak mampu menangkap realitas subordinasi algoritmis yang menjadi karakter utama relasi kerja platform. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pembentukan kategori hukum baru berupa pekerja mandiri dependen disertai perluasan kewajiban jaminan sosial bagi perusahaan platform.
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