Disrupsi Tanpa Perlindungan: Kegagalan Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia dalam Merespons Ambiguitas Status Pekerja Platform Digital — Studi Kritis atas Relasi Kuasa antara Korporasi Teknologi dan Tenaga Kerja Informal di Abad ke-21
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/jalu.v2i1.8528Keywords:
Pekerja Platform Digital, Gig Economy, Subordinasi Algoritmik, Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia, Relasi Kuasa, Critical Legal Studies, Perlindungan PekerjaAbstract
Pertumbuhan gig economy di Indonesia yang mencakup lebih dari 22 juta pekerja platform digital telah melahirkan persoalan hukum mendesak berupa ketiadaan perlindungan yang memadai bagi pekerja berbasis aplikasi digital. Artikel ini menganalisis secara kritis kegagalan konstruksi normatif hukum ketenagakerjaan Indonesia — khususnya doktrin subordinasi klasik dalam Pasal 1 angka 15 UU Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 — yang tidak mampu menangkap realitas subordinasi algoritmik, serta mengungkap bagaimana relasi kuasa asimetris antara korporasi teknologi dan pekerja platform dikonstruksi melalui kontrak adresif, kontrol algoritmik, narasi ideologis pemberdayaan, dan dominasi lobi politik korporasi. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan critical legal studies dan analisis komparatif terhadap regulasi Inggris, Prancis, Amerika Serikat, dan Uni Eropa, artikel ini merekomendasikan reformasi struktural berupa rekonstruksi definisi hubungan kerja berbasis dependensi ekonomi, adopsi prinsip presumption of employment, regulasi transparansi algoritma, serta pembentukan dana jaminan sosial portabel dan forum representasi khusus pekerja platform — sebagai prasyarat terwujudnya amanat konstitusional Pasal 27 ayat (2) dan Pasal 28D ayat (2) UUD 1945.
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