Eksploitasi Kolonial Prancis di Jawa: Sistem Kontingen dan Penyerahan Wajib sebagai Bentuk Pemiskinan Sistematis (1808-1811)

Authors

  • Siti Khadijah Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Juliani Sihombing Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Rosmaida Sinaga Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Mutiara Hidayah Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Rahmi Asyifa Hidayah Sembiring Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Alya Fakhriza Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Selvia Andriani Putri Damanik Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Ririn Ivanka Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Ronald Gemsar Simbolon Universitas Negeri Medan

Keywords:

Herman Willem Daendels, Sistem Kontingen, Sistem Penyerahan Wajib, Pemiskinan Sistematis, Jawa Kolonial, Kepentingan Prancis, Eksploitasi Ekonomi

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis kebijakan Sistem Kontingen dan Penyerahan Wajib yang diterapkan oleh Herman Willem Daendels selama masa pemerintahannya di Jawa (1808-1811). Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa kedua kebijakan tersebut bukan sekadar kebijakan fiskal, melainkan instrumen pemiskinan sistematis terhadap rakyat Jawa. Kebijakan ini lahir dari konflik geopolitik Eropa, di mana Jawa dijadikan benteng pertahanan Prancis untuk menghadapi ancaman Inggris. Melalui metode penelitian sejarah, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Daendels memberlakukan sistem eksploitasi ganda: Sistem Kontingen merampas hasil pangan pokok rakyat, sementara Sistem Penyerahan Wajib memaksa petani menjual komoditas ekspor dengan harga murah. Untuk melancarkan sistem ini, Daendels mengubah para bupati menjadi alat pemerintah kolonial dengan memberikan target ketat dan ancaman sanksi. Dampaknya, rakyat Jawa mengalami pengurasan kekayaan, beban ganda (menyerahkan hasil bumi dan tenaga untuk kerja rodi), serta krisis kelaparan. Seluruh keuntungan dari sistem ini dialirkan untuk membiayai ambisi militer Prancis, tanpa memperhatikan kesejahteraan rakyat Jawa. Simpulannya, pemerintahan Daendels menandai peralihan menuju negara kolonial yang terpusat dan sangat eksploitatif.

References

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Published

2025-12-02

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Desember 2025

Section

Articles

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