Efektivitas Perang Gerilya Dalam Konflik Ukraina–Rusia dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pertahanan Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/jerumi.v4i1.8704Keywords:
Perang Gerilya, Konflik Asimetris, Ukraina-Rusia, Pertahanan Semesta, Strategi Pertahanan IndonesiaAbstract
Perang Ukraina-Rusia sejak invasi besar-besaran Rusia tahun 2022 menunjukkan bahwa negara yang lebih lemah secara konvensional dapat mempertahankan diri melalui perang gerilya modern yang memadukan satuan kecil, operasi khusus, perlawanan sipil, teknologi wahana nirawak, siber, intelijen terbuka, dan dukungan wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk dan karakteristik perang gerilya Ukraina, menilai efektivitasnya dalam menahan agresi Rusia, serta mengkaji relevansi dan implikasinya terhadap strategi pertahanan Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan wawancara, studi kasus, dan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berbasis kerangka SPIDER. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan beberapa narasumber, dilanjutkan dengan melakukan studi literatur dan dokumentasi terhadap 17 sumber utama, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis isi berbantuan Analitikum.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perang gerilya Ukraina membentuk arsitektur asimetris berlapis melalui kejutan operasional, sabotase dan interdiksi logistik di belakang garis lawan, serangan kedalaman berbasis wahana nirawak, serta pengorganisasian perlawanan yang didukung Kodal. Strategi tersebut efektif memperlambat tempo operasi Rusia, meningkatkan biaya agresi, memaksa pemindahan ulang kekuatan dan pelebaran beban operasi, mengganggu logistik serta Kodal, dan memperkuat daya tahan nasional Ukraina. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pengalaman Ukraina relevan bagi Indonesia secara selektif dan kontekstual, terutama untuk memperkuat pertahanan semesta yang operasional, ketahanan informasi, Kodal terdistribusi, integrasi unsur profesional-rakyat terlatih, serta kemampuan lintas ranah berbasis teknologi murah, adaptif, dan terintegrasi.
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