Strategi Gerilya Pangeran Diponegoro Dalam Melawan Kolonialisme Belanda (1825-1830) Dari Perspektif Perang Generasi Kedua
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/jerumi.v4i1.8786Keywords:
Strategi Gerilya, Perang Diponegoro, Perang Generasi Kedua, Pertahanan Rakyat Semesta, Kolonialisme Belanda.Abstract
Perang Diponegoro (1825–1830) merupakan salah satu perlawanan terbesar dalam sejarah Indonesia yang menandai benturan antara kekuatan tradisional lokal dengan modernisasi militer kolonial. Konflik ini dipicu oleh intervensi administratif Belanda terhadap hak agraria serta pelecehan ruang sakral di Tegalrejo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi pemilihan strategi gerilya, mengkaji karakteristik strategi tersebut melalui perspektif teori perang generasi kedua (Second Generation Warfare), serta menelaah relevansinya terhadap penguatan konsep pertahanan rakyat semesta di Indonesia masa kini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumentasi terhadap arsip kolonial dan studi pustaka, dengan analisis data menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi gerilya Diponegoro berhasil mengeksploitasi kelemahan militer Belanda yang berbasis doktrin perang generasi kedua yang kaku dan mengandalkan struktur komando linier. Diponegoro mengintegrasikan dukungan populasi sebagai pusat gravitasi (center of gravity), di mana rakyat menyediakan logistik dan informasi. Penggunaan medan geografis Jawa serta legitimasi ideologis jihad menjadi kunci daya tahan perlawanan. Belanda merespons melalui strategi Benteng Stelsel untuk mengisolasi gerilyawan dari masyarakat. Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa strategi Diponegoro merupakan prototipe perang rakyat semesta yang memadukan aspek militer, sosial, dan moral, sehingga tetap relevan sebagai rujukan dalam pengembangan doktrin pertahanan nasional yang adaptif terhadap ancaman asimetris modern.
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