Illegal Fishing dan Pertanggungjawaban Pidana: Studi atas Sengketa Maritim Indonesia-Vietnam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/qistina.v4i2.7770Keywords:
Illegal Fishing, Pertanggungjawaban Pidana, Undang-Undang Perikanan, Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif.Abstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji pertanggungjawaban pidana dalam tindak pidana illegal fishing melalui kajian terhadap pendekatan hukum antara Indonesia dan Vietnam serta implikasinya terhadap sengketa maritim di Laut Natuna Utara. Fokus analisis diarahkan pada penegakan hukum perikanan nasional Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 45 Tahun 2009 dan Vietnam melalui Law on Fisheries No. 18/2017/QH14. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif-komparatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan hukum internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia menerapkan hukum pidana sebagai primum remedium melalui sanksi represif, sedangkan Vietnam menempatkan pidana sebagai ultimum remedium dengan penekanan pada sanksi administratif dan pengawasan preventif. Dalam kerangka UNCLOS 1982, efektivitas hukum nasional terbukti terbatas tanpa kerja sama bilateral dan regional. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini merekomendasikan penguatan sinergi Indonesia–Vietnam melalui mekanisme ASEAN dan RPOA-IUU guna mewujudkan tata kelola perikanan yang berkelanjutan.
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