Konsumsi Air Pariwisata dan Ketahanan Air Masyarakat: Model Tata Kelola Air Berkelanjutan di Destinasi Pariwisata Bali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/jamparing.v5i1.9311Keywords:
konsumsi air; ketahanan air; tata kelola air; pariwisata berkelanjutanAbstract
Perkembangan pariwisata Bali meningkatkan aktivitas ekonomi sekaligus memperbesar kebutuhan terhadap sumber daya air. Persoalan air pada destinasi pariwisata tidak dapat dipahami hanya sebagai masalah efisiensi operasional hotel, karena kebutuhan wisatawan berinteraksi dengan kebutuhan rumah tangga, pertanian, fungsi ekologis, dan nilai sosial-budaya masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara tekanan konsumsi air pariwisata, praktik pengelolaan air, ketahanan air masyarakat, dan kebutuhan tata kelola pada tingkat destinasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-interpretatif dengan strategi studi kasus kontekstual Bali dan sumber data sekunder berupa artikel ilmiah, statistik pemerintah, dokumen kelembagaan, kebijakan, serta penelitian terdahulu. Analisis dilakukan melalui reduksi data, kategorisasi tematik, perbandingan lintas sumber, penyajian data, dan sintesis masalah, penyebab, aktor, responsdan kebutuhan perbaikan. Hasil menunjukkan tiga pola utama: pertumbuhan pariwisata meningkatkan tekanan terhadap sumber air; industri mulai menerapkan efisiensi dan water accounting tetapi masih dominan pada tingkat unit usaha; dan ketahanan air masyarakat bergantung pada ketersediaan, kualitas, akses, kapasitas kelembagaan, koordinasi, serta partisipasi. Temuan tersebut menjadi dasar pengembangan model Destination Water Governance yang menghubungkan pertumbuhan pariwisata, pengukuran konsumsi, efisiensi dan penggunaan kembali air, konservasi sumber, koordinasi kelembagaan, serta agensi masyarakat. Model ini menggeser orientasi pengelolaan dari water saving pada tingkat usaha menuju water security pada tingkat destinasi.
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