Ascariasis pada Balita: Tinjauan Faktor Lingkungan, Perilaku Orang Tua, dan Manajemen Kesehatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/qistina.v4i2.7237Keywords:
Ascariasis, Balita, Lingkungan, Perilaku Orang Tua, Manajemen KesehatanAbstract
Infeksi Ascaris lumbricoides masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat pada balita di wilayah sosial ekonomi rendah. Kerentanan balita dipengaruhi sistem imun yang belum matang, kebiasaan bermain di tanah, dan keterbatasan menjaga kebersihan. Artikel ini meninjau faktor lingkungan dan perilaku orang tua yang berhubungan dengan prevalensi ascariasis, serta menganalisisnya dari perspektif organisasi dan manajemen kesehatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review terhadap artikel nasional dan internasional terbit 2015–2025. Hasil menunjukkan sanitasi tidak memadai, lantai tanah, dan keterbatasan air bersih berkontribusi pada tingginya infeksi. Pengetahuan orang tua yang tidak disertai praktik higienis konsisten meningkatkan risiko penularan. Program obat cacing massal bermanfaat, namun dampaknya terbatas bila tidak disertai perbaikan lingkungan. Dari sudut manajemen kesehatan, pencegahan membutuhkan kolaborasi lintas sektor melalui puskesmas, posyandu, sekolah, dan peran orang tua sebagai pengelola kesehatan rumah tangga. Dengan demikian, intervensi terpadu berbasis perbaikan lingkungan, edukasi perilaku sehat, dan penguatan organisasi kesehatan masyarakat diperlukan untuk menurunkan angka ascariasis pada balita.
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