Analisis Pengaruh Energi Terbarukan, Emisi CO2, dan Jumlah Penduduk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di ASEAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/qistina.v5i1.7897Keywords:
energi terbarukan, emisi CO₂, jumlah penduduk, pertumbuhan ekonomi, ASEAN, data panelAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi energi terbarukan, emisi karbon dioksida (CO₂), dan jumlah penduduk terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara-negara ASEAN, khususnya Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Filipina, dan Vietnam. Pertumbuhan ekonomi diukur menggunakan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), sementara konsumsi energi terbarukan, tingkat emisi CO₂, dan jumlah penduduk digunakan sebagai variabel independen. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dengan periode pengamatan tahun 2013–2023 yang bersumber dari World Bank dan lembaga internasional terkait. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model dan Random Effect Model, yang selanjutnya dipilih melalui uji Hausman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi energi terbarukan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, sementara emisi CO₂ menunjukkan pengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Di sisi lain, jumlah penduduk memiliki pengaruh positif namun bervariasi antarnegara. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa transisi menuju energi terbarukan dapat mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan di kawasan ASEAN sekaligus menekan dampak negatif degradasi lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi di negara-negara ASEAN perlu mengintegrasikan strategi peningkatan energi terbarukan dan pengendalian emisi guna mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan.
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