Dimensi Kompetensi dan Indikator Teoritis Kesiapsiagaan Perawat Bencana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/qistina.v5i1.8352Keywords:
Kesiapsiagaan Perawat, Manajemen Bencana, Indikator Kompetensi, Tanggap Darurat, Studi Literatur.Abstract
Bencana yang semakin sering terjadi menuntut kesiapan sistem layanan kesehatan yang optimal, di mana tenaga keperawatan selalu berperan sebagai garda terdepan. Meskipun peran perawat sangat krusial, ukuran kesiapsiagaan mereka dalam menghadapi kedaruratan seringkali belum terstandarisasi dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merangkum dan mendeskripsikan indikator kesiapsiagaan tenaga keperawatan dalam manajemen bencana. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur atau tinjauan pustaka naratif, dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis berbagai artikel keperawatan, pedoman kesehatan, dan literatur relevan sesuai dengan arah pembahasan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kesiapsiagaan perawat tidak hanya diukur dari satu sisi, melainkan meliputi lima aspek utama: (1) pemahaman terhadap kerangka penanggulangan bencana, (2) keterampilan teknis dan klinis kedaruratan, (3) kemampuan koordinasi dan manajerial di lapangan, (4) kesiapan mental serta pemahaman etika, dan (5) dukungan dari lingkungan kerja. Kesimpulan dari studi ini menegaskan bahwa keahlian medis penanganan trauma tidak akan berjalan efektif tanpa adanya ketahanan psikologis dan kemampuan kerja sama tim. Disarankan agar materi manajemen bencana diintegrasikan lebih awal ke dalam kurikulum pendidikan keperawatan, serta perlunya rumah sakit untuk rutin mengadakan simulasi tanggap darurat guna menjaga keterampilan perawat.
References
Achora, S., & Kamanyire, J. K. (2016). Disaster Preparedness: Need for inclusion in undergraduate nursing education. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 16(1), e15–e19. https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2016.16.01.004
Al Thobaity, A., Plummer, V., & Williams, B. (2017). What are the most common domains of the core competencies of disaster nursing? A scoping review. International Emergency Nursing, 31, 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2016.10.003
Artini, B., Mahayaty, L., Prasetyo, W., & Yunaike, F. (2022). HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN KESIAPSIAGAAN BENCANA PADA TENAGA KESEHATAN DENGAN SIKAP KESIAPSIAGAAN BENCANA. Jurnal Keperawatan, 11(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.47560/kep.v11i2.371
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2024). 2023 Disasters in numbers: A significant year of disaster impact. Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), UCLouvain. https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/2023-disasters-numbers-significant-year-disaster-impact
Firouzkouhi, M., Kako, M., Abdollahimohammad, A., Balouchi, A., & Farzi, J. (2021). Nurses’ Roles in Nursing Disaster Model: A Systematic Scoping Review. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 50(5), 879–887. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i5.6105
Fletcher, K. A., Reddin, K., & Tait, D. (2022). The history of disaster nursing: From Nightingale to nursing in the 21st century. Journal of Research in Nursing, 27(3), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/17449871211058854
Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: An analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x
Ibrahim, M. M., Abdul-Rahaman, F., Sayibu, M. S., Alhassan, D. N., Awudu, R. T., Sisala, I. M., Wuni, A., & Abdulai, A.-M. (2025). Assessing the impact of nurses’ patient safety competencies on key performance indicators (KPIs) for patient safety outcomes at Tamale Teaching Hospital: The mediating role of leadership and barriers to competency development. BMC Health Services Research, 25, 1176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13384-3
ICN. (2019). International Council of Nurses (ICN). (2019). Core competencies in disaster nursing version 2.0. ICN. https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/ICN_Disaster-Comp-Report_WEB.pdf. International Council of Nurses.
Labrague, L. J., Hammad, K., Gloe, D. S., McEnroe-Petitte, D. M., Fronda, D. C., Obeidat, A. A., Leocadio, M. C., Casimiro, J. G., & Mirafuentes, E. C. (2018). Disaster preparedness among nurses: A systematic review of literature. International Nursing Review, 65(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12393
Milesky, J., Rosen, M., Sharma, R., Zhang, A., & Bass, E. B. (2023). Acute Care Nursing Staff Shortages That Compromise Patient-to-Nurse Ratios: Rapid Response. In Making Healthcare Safer IV: A Continuous Updating of Patient Safety Harms and Practices. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK615419/
National Academies of Sciences, E., and Medicine (NASEM). (2021). The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity (Chapter 8: Nurses in Disaster Preparedness and Public Health Emergency Response). The National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573904/
Nofal, A., Alfayyad, I., Khan, A., Al Aseri, Z., & Abu-Shaheen, A. (2018). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of emergency department staff towards disaster and emergency preparedness at tertiary health care hospital in central Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal, 39(11), 1123–1129. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2018.11.23026
Said, N. B., & Chiang, V. C. L. (2020). The knowledge, skill competencies, and psychological preparedness of nurses for disasters: A systematic review. International Emergency Nursing, 48, 100806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2019.100806
Sonneborn, O., Miller, C., Head, L., & Cross, R. (2018). Disaster education and preparedness in the acute care setting: A cross sectional survey of operating theatre nurse’s disaster knowledge and education. Nurse Education Today, 65, 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.02.015
Veenema, T. G., Lavin, R. P., Schneider-Firestone, S., Couig, M. P., Langan, J. C., Qureshi, K., Scerpella, D., & Sasnett, L. (2019). National Assessment of Nursing Schools and Nurse Educators Readiness for Radiation Emergencies and Nuclear Events. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 13(5–6), 936–945. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.17
Wang, Y., Park, J., & Gao, Q. (2025). Digital leadership and employee innovative performance: The role of job crafting and person–job fit. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1492264
World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). Health emergency and disaster risk management framework. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/health-emergency-and-disaster-risk-management-framework
Xu, Z., Zhao, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., Jiang, Y., Zhang, M., & Li, P. (2024). Prevalence and associated factors of secondary traumatic stress in emergency nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 15(1), 2321761. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2024.2321761
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Halim Rahmat Zhafran, Anwar Kurniadi, Rachmat Setiawibawa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
QISTINA: Jurnal Multididiplin Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
